How to Frame a Wall
Wall framing is one of the most fundamental skills in construction. A standard stud wall consists of vertical studs, a bottom (sole) plate, and one or two top plates.
Standard Spacing
Most building codes require 16" on-center spacing for load-bearing walls. Non-load-bearing partitions can use 24" OC to save material. The spacing is measured from the center of one stud to the center of the next.
Plates
The bottom plate sits on the subfloor. The top plate (usually doubled) ties the wall together and supports the structure above. A double top plate is required where upper-floor joists or roof rafters bear on the wall.
Headers and Openings
Every door and window opening requires a header to transfer loads around the opening. Headers are supported by jack studs (trimmers) which are backed by full-height king studs. Add cripple studs above and below openings as needed.